Show references Pneumonia. National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. Accessed April 15, Community-acquired pneumonia adult. Rochester, Minn. Goldman L, et al. Overview of pneumonia. In: Goldman-Cecil Medicine. Philadelphia, Pa. Accessed April 18, Schauner S, et al. Journal of Family Practice. Attridge RT, et al. Health care-associated pneumonia: An evidence-based review. American Journal of Medicine. Hunter JD. Ventilator associated pneumonia. Dockrell DH, et al. Pneumococcal pneumonia: Mechanisms of infection and resolution.
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Pneumococcal pneumonia in adults. Pneumonia is transmitted when germs from the body of someone with pneumonia spread to another person. This can happen in a variety of ways, including:. Food particles and irritants from the intestinal tract can also cause pneumonia. This is called aspiration pneumonia and can occur when a person accidentally inhales these substances. Fungal pneumonia typically develops when people inhale microscopic particles of fungus from the environment.
People with weakened immune systems are more likely to develop this type of pneumonia. A number of strategies can prevent the spread of pneumonia. The single most effective way to prevent the spread of viruses and bacteria is with frequent hand-washing, especially during the colder months. People should wash their hands before eating, after using the bathroom, after touching someone else, before visiting people vulnerable to pneumonia, and upon returning home after going out in public.
Most people recover from pneumonia without any lasting effects. In vulnerable people, pneumonia can be fatal. Worldwide, pneumonia accounts for 16 percent of deaths in children under 5.
Older people and those with a weakened immune system are also more likely to experience serious complications. Older people, people with serious illnesses, parents of newborns, and caregivers to sick people should make sure all visitors wash their hands. It is best that people with symptoms of a respiratory illness or fever do not visit a vulnerable person until their symptoms are gone.
Pneumonia killed more than 50, people in the United States in Despite this, around two-thirds of older adults do not get the recommended pneumococcal pneumonia vaccination to prevent pneumonia.
Pneumonia can be prevented, particularly in people who do not have chronic lung diseases. By avoiding sick people, staying home when ill, washing hands, and adopting basic health measures, such as getting vaccinated, it is possible to prevent this potentially fatal illness. Pneumonia during pregnancy can cause serious complications if left untreated. Learn to recognize the symptoms and help prevent maternal pneumonia. Pneumonitis is a condition where inhaling certain substances leads to an allergic reaction in the lungs.
Triggers include mold and dust, handling…. Some of the symptoms of pneumonia may be manageable at home. This article covers home remedies for pneumonia and when to see a doctor.
Learn more here. Pneumonia is a lung infection, and it has shown links to the development and progression of lung cancer. Pneumonia is an infection in one or both lungs. Bacteria and viruses are the most common causes of pneumonia.
Fungi can induce pneumonia, too. The infection causes inflammation in the air sacs of the lungs. This results in a buildup of fluid that makes it hard to breathe. Pneumonia can be a medical emergency, especially among high-risk groups like people over 65 and children 5 or younger. Pneumonia typically affects the lungs, but complications can lead to problems in other areas of the body, too.
These can be very serious and even deadly. Your risk, treatment, and recovery time depend on what caused the infection, your age, and any additional health issues you had before getting pneumonia. A bacteria or virus enters the body through an airway. Once the infection gets into the lungs, inflammation causes air sacs, called alveoli, to fill up with fluid or pus. This can lead to trouble breathing, coughing, and coughing up yellow or brown mucus. Breathing may feel more difficult or shallow.
You may experience chest pain when you take a deeper breath. The buildup of fluid in and around the lungs leads to more complications. Fluid that collects in one area is called an abscess. Fluid that forms between the covering of the lungs and inner lining of the chest wall is called a pleural effusion. An infected pleural effusion will need to be drained. A chest tube is usually used to do this. If the infection and fluid buildup get severe enough, it can stop the lungs from doing their job.
When the lungs are unable to add oxygen to the blood and remove carbon dioxide at the correct levels, respiratory failure can occur. Signs of respiratory failure include:. It can be treated with oxygen therapy or by using a ventilator, which is a machine that supports breathing. One of the earlier signs of pneumonia caused by bacteria is a fast heartbeat. This may be linked to a high fever. A pneumonia infection can spread from the lungs into the bloodstream.
This is a serious complication.
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